Oil is the main engine for the economies of the Arab countries, where it relies heavily on oil resources in economic development, because the Arab countries have a huge stockpile of this strategic material, but the permanent association with oil has created several economic problems for the Arab States How to finance development in the face of price instability by improving the economic indicators of these countries. This study was to address the extent to which the economies of the oil-exporting Arab countries are linked to the changes in oil prices and their impact on some of the macroeconomic indicators of the Arab oil exporters, by knowing the direct impact of the oil resources on the macroeconomic variables Of the Arab oil exporting countries.

This study dealt with the issue of the role of business ethics in Achieving competitive advantage for organizations, The study was applied to a sample of (35) employees, out of a study population of (96) employees. The study used a questionnaire as a key tool for gathering information and data, The questionnaire was distributed randomly on various workers in the high plateaus tannery in Djelfa, and so on different organizational levels (Top management, Middle management, Lower management, Typical functions), The study concluded to a set of results including the following: The high level of awareness of all the dimensions of business ethics (Ethics Director, Employee Ethics) as we noticed high levels, except dimension (Ethics Organization) in which we noticed medium level. The high level of awareness of competitive advantage among workers in the high plateaus tannery in Djelfa. The study showed through the multiple linear regression results that there is a statistically significant positive effect at a level (a= 0.01), between (Ethics Director, business ethics) and competitive advantage among workers in the high plateaus tannery in Djelfa. The study showed through the multiple linear regression results that there is no statistically significant positive effect at a level (a= 0.01), between (Employee Ethics, Ethics Organization) and competitive advantage among workers in the high plateaus tannery in Djelfa.

The aim of the study is to demonstrate the importance of an element of the international marketing mix, namely international distribution and its impact on the promotion of exports outside hydrocarbons. The International Distribution Strategy has an important role in transferring products to the end consumer. In international markets. The study revealed that the Algerian exporting institutions do not care much about the distribution, because most of them deal with foreign intermediaries, because of the lack of confidence of the foreign consumer in dealing with them, and on the other hand to increase costs in the case of direct sales strategy and thus increase the prices of products And thus make them competitive in international markets.

This study aims to know the effect of the elements of the training program on improving the performance of employees of the national Pipe industry corporation (ALFAPIPE) -Annaba-, and to measure this effect a questionnaire was designed to collect information from the study sample and statistically process it with the (spss) program, and the study sample consisted of (44) an administrative employee out of (87) administrative The study reached a set of results, the most important of which are: the presence of a statistically significant effect "for the training environment" and "the quality and size of the scientific material", as we show the absence of a statistically significant effect of "the trainer", and the study presented a set of recommendations and proposals.

The study aims at identifying the indicators of measuring and evaluating the environmental performance of the small and medium industrial establishments and their accounting implications, as it is considered one of the most important environmental issues for decision makers, whether internal or external parties, which always strive to achieve the environmental balance of the establishment. The study concluded that the non-measurement and analysis of environmental costs inaccurate analysis of the incorrect cost deviations and the adoption of operational decisions a Investment is incorrect, and should ensure that owners of establishments that small and medium-sized enterprises and their mission objectives is the focus of attention and the focus of the information system and reporting on environmental costs, so it do its work accessible to the fullest.